Burundi is a country of 8 million people, 11% of whom live in urban areas. The capital city is Bujumbura. The two most populous ethnic groups in the country are Hutu and Tutsi, which have been in conflict for centuries. Colonized by Belgium, Burundi achieved independence in 1962, which had controlled Burundi and its neighbor Rwanda as one country. Much of the governing has been infused with ethnic divisions, which has produced violence and massacres. In 1993 Burundi had its first election. In 1998 after several military coups, external mediation by Tanzania and Nelson Mandela formed a new constitution for Burundi.

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